Aqueous  zinc  battery  shows  great  promising in the field of  large-scale  energy  storage  due to its  high safety and  low cost. However, there are still some challenges in the design of aqueous zinc battery.  In their cathodes,  the active materials often suffer from  sluggish  kinetics and structural destruction during the charge/discharge process, hindering the rate capability and cycling lifetime.  To overcome these issues,  some creative strategies were developed to modify the structure of active materials, such as ion doping, nano-carbon composite, crystal structure regulation and molecular design. In addition, in zinc anodes, zinc dendrite and hydrogen evolution often take place, which also degrade the lifetime of aqueous zinc batteries. Therefore, highly stable interface between Zn anodes and electrolytes were designed by optimizing electrolytes and constructing artificial Interface layer on Zn anode surface. Based on above cathodes and anodes, high-capacity zinc pouch cells were assembled. Furthermore, to extend application scenarios, flexible and smart aqueous zinc batteries were designed.

1. Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries

2. Flexible and Smart Energy Storage Devices    

                                                Flexible Zinc-based Batteries                                    Self-Healing Zinc-Ion Batteries

3. Other Aqueous Energy Storage Systems

Aqueous Ammonium-Ion Batteries

Aqueous Manganese-Ion Batteries

4. Programmable Nanocarbon-based Architectures

                   Flexible Composite Papers              Large-Area Graphene-Based Composite Film